Background
Henry Dundas was born on April 28, 1742 in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; the son of Robert, Lord Arniston, president of the Court of Session.
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Henry Dundas was born on April 28, 1742 in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; the son of Robert, Lord Arniston, president of the Court of Session.
Dundas was educated at Edinburgh and, following legal studies, was called to the bar in 1763.
Dundas followed his family tradition by taking up the law, and in 1766 was appointed solicitor-general for Scotland.
From 1775 he occupied the cabinet post of lord advocate, under Lord North (1770 - 1782), the Marquess of Rockingham (1782), Lord Shelburne (1782 - 1783), and even for a time in the Fox-North coalition government of 1783.
He became one of the strong members of the Pitt ministry (1784 - 1801) and a gifted administrator. The list alone testifies to his indispensable value to Pitt, and Dundas became his right-hand man in the wartime administration as well as his friend and drinking companion. He was treasurer of the navy from 1784 to 1800; home secretary from 1791 to 1794; member, then president, of the board of control of the East India Company (1794 - 1801); secretary of war from 1794 to 1801; and, after receiving his peerage, first lord of the admiralty in Pitt's second administration, from 1804 to 1805.
Dundas was the organizer of much of the war effort against the forces of Revolutionary France and of Napoleon.
He resigned with Pitt in 1801 and, four years later, he was impeached for peculation and breach of duty as treasurer of the navy.
After a fortnight's trial, before the House of Lords, he was acquitted of all charges.
He was also a pluralist.
He kept his grip on Scottish elections even in opposition to the ‘Talents’ ministry and after his retirement his nephew continued to exercise control of the majority of Scottish members until the Reform Act. Dundas's success owed much to his command of Indian patronage as president of the Board of Control, which enabled him to bestow lucrative appointments on his Scottish clients.
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Although Dundas did little for reform, he was a skilled negotiator in politics; if, as a pluralist, he believed in the Scots retaining their identity in Parliament, he was also a Unionist, who worked for the better functioning of the parliamentary union of the two countries.
He was a member of the Pitt ministry; member of the board of control of the East India Company.
Henry was ambitious, and his manners could be crude and even coarse.
A cynical politician who believed in the power of patronage, he knew almost everyone of importance in Scotland and how to appeal to their self-interest.
He was nicknamed ‘Henry the ninth of Scotland’.
It was said that he sent younger sons ‘by loads to the East Indies’ and that there was scarcely a family of note in Scotland that was not under some obligation to him.
